naocam

Field Guide

Canada flag

Field guide

Canada

Americas • North AmericaOttawaCanadian dollar (CAD) · $

CA

Updated December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · Sources

Names & aliases
CanadaCA
Quick facts
CapitalOttawaCurrencyCanadian dollar (CAD) · $LanguagesEnglish, FrenchPopulation41,651,653Area9,984,670 km²Calling code+1Driving sideRight-hand
Climate (capital proxy)
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
-9°66
-9°58
-2°82
85
13°85
19°92
21°97
21°86
17°91
86
89
-5°80
BestJunJulAugSep
Timezones
UTC-08:00UTC-07:00UTC-06:00(+3 more)
IANA zones (2)
  • America/Vancouver2 cams
  • America/Edmonton1 cams

Pre-trip intel

Safety & entry

Safety & entry
Level 1Exercise Normal Precautions

Exercise normal precautionin Canada. Canada is generally a safe destination for travelers.

Full advisory →

Safety highlights

Exercise normal precaution in Canada. Canada is generally a safe destination for travelers.

  • Canada is generally a safe destination for travelers.
  • Exercise normal precaution in Canada.

Entry & docs

Since February 29, 2024, all Mexican travellers must obtain a visa to visit Canada. If you have an eTA and do not have a valid work or study permit, your eTA is automatically cancelled.

  • Canada requires anybody who want to enter the country to be of "good moral character", with a strict interpretation regarding past offences. Any misdemeanor may make you inadmissible, including things not regarded as criminal offences in your home country and the country where they were committed, such as some traffic law violations. Also an active civil judgement or financial trouble, such as significant unpaid debt may make you inadmissibile. See Traveling with a criminal history#Canada.
  • Citizens of the following countries do not need a visa to visit Canada for a stay of (generally) up to six months, [https://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/visas.asp#exemptions provided no work or study is undertaken] and the traveller holds a passport valid for six months beyond their intended date of departure:
  • Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cayman Islands, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Falkland Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hong Kong (BNO Passport or SAR Passport), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel (National Passport holders only), Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montserrat, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Poland, Portugal, Romania (biometric passports only), Samoa, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Spain, St. Helena, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Taiwan (must be ordinary passport including ID card number), Turks and Caicos Islands, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom (including British (Overseas) Citizens that are re-admissible to the United Kingdom), United States and Vatican City. For more information, [https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/entry-requirements-country.html see this page].
  • A visa exemption also applies to individuals holding nationalities that are not specified above if they are in possession of a US Green Card, or can provide other evidence of permanent residence in the United States. Persons who do not require a visa and who are entering for any reason other than tourism must have a letter of invitation from the individual, business, or organization that they are visiting ([https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/visit-canada/business/eligibility.html information about letters of invitation and what information they need to contain]).
Source: Wikivoyage

On the ground

Getting around & connectivity

Getting around & connectivity
Source: Wikivoyage

Getting around

Canada has a land border accessible to travellers with only one country — the United States. There are two main Canada-U.

  • Canada has a land border accessible to travellers with only one country — the United States. There are two main Canada-U.S. land borders, Canada's southern border with the 48 contiguous states and another between Western Canada and Alaska. See the from the United States subsection for more information on what to do when leaving the U.S. Be sure to check the [https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/bwt-taf/menu-eng.html CBSA's website] for border wait times — this way one can avoid excessive delays by simply not checking which crossing are busiest.
  • The same advice as applies at a land cross as at an airport customs check (see above). If your case is not straightforward, expect to be delayed, as the officials here (especially in more rural areas) see fewer non-U.S. travellers than at the airports. Also expect delays during holiday periods, as border crossings can become clogged with traffic.
  • After crossing the border into Canada, road signs change into metric units; distances are in kilometres and speed limits in km/h (kilometres per hour). One mile is 1.609 km so multiply what you see on the road signs by 5/8 to get its approximate equivalent in miles e.g. 40 km ≈ 25 miles and 100 km/h ≈ 62.5 mph. If you are driving a U.S.-model vehicle into Canada, the speedometer will usually have U.S. units on top or outward while metric units are below or inward. If only U.S. units are displayed, there may be a switch allowing you to change the speedometer to metric units; check your owner's manual to find where it is.
  • Drivers of U.S. registered vehicles in Canada are not required to carry a separate Canadian insurance document. It is your responsibility as the driver to ensure that your U.S. policy will cover you in Canada and meets the minimum coverage level of the provinces you'll be driving in. C$200,000 liability coverage is the standard requirement in all provinces apart from Nova Scotia which sets the minimum at C$500,000, by contrast, most U.S. states have statutory minimums of US$50,000 or less. Most American insurers will cover you fully in Canada although some require advanced notification and/or payment of an additional premium. Call your agent prior to any cross-border car trips to discuss requirements and procedures.
  • Crossing the border in a rental car is relatively straightforward with the large multinational companies, and they will usually permit you to pick up a rental car in the U.S. and drop it off in Canada and vice versa. Even if you are only planning to make a day trip to Canada without spending the night, be sure to inform your car rental company, as additional documentation will be required.
Source: Wikivoyage

Wi-Fi, SIMs & staying online

Prairie in Saskatchewan The communication infrastructure of Canada is typical of any first-world, developed, industrialized country.

  • thumbnail|Prairie in [[Saskatchewan]]
  • The communication infrastructure of Canada is typical of any first-world, developed, industrialized country.
Source: Wikivoyage

Local wisdom

Etiquette, tipping & staying well

Etiquette & respect

Domestically, Canada has displayed success in negotiating compromises among its own culturally and linguistically varied population, a difficult task considering that language, culture, and even history vary significantly throughout the…

  • Domestically, Canada has displayed success in negotiating compromises among its own culturally and linguistically varied population, a difficult task considering that language, culture, and even history vary significantly throughout the country. In contrast to the United States' traditional image of itself as a melting pot (now falling out of use), Canada prefers to consider and define itself as a mosaic of cultures and peoples. Canadians are used to living and interacting with people of different ethnic backgrounds on a daily basis and will usually be quite friendly and understanding if approached in public. Canada's multiculturalism is most visible in Toronto and Vancouver, where about half the population was born outside Canada. The country is largely urban-based and is home to a diverse population (less so in rural areas). As is common with any neighbouring nations, there is some rivalry between Americans and Canadians, which may be more evident in Canada than the United States. Consequently, if you are obviously an American visitor, a minority of Canadians may make comments that could offend you. However, if you don't negatively compare Canada to the U.S. the worst you will probably hear are some good-natured jokes.
Source: Wikivoyage

Tipping guidance

Tipping in Canada is similar to that in the United States due to the close cultural nature of the two countries but tends to be somewhat lower because of higher minimum wages.

  • Tipping in Canada is similar to that in the United States due to the close cultural nature of the two countries but tends to be somewhat lower because of higher minimum wages. Restaurant wait staff in Canada typically receive 15–18% on the before-tax total. Tipping is not appropriate in cafeterias, fast food establishments and takeaway stands; one is not normally expected to tip hotel chambermaids. Once Canada's double-digit sales taxes and a tip are factored into the cost of a restaurant meal, the tab may often be 25–30% above the price indicated on the menu.
  • Some provinces (including Quebec and Ontario) allow employers to pay lower minimum wages to workers who would reasonably be expected to be receiving tips. As well, often a bar or restaurant will try to tack on a 15-18% tip themselves, so large groups and clients paying by credit card should check to see whether their bill already includes a "service charge" before giving twice.
Source: Wikivoyage

Health & wellness

You are unlikely to face health problems here that you wouldn't face in any other Western industrialized country (despite claims of inferior care, which often varies by hospital and is usually exaggerated).

  • You are unlikely to face health problems here that you wouldn't face in any other Western industrialized country (despite claims of inferior care, which often varies by hospital and is usually exaggerated). The health care system tends to be very effective and widely accessible. However, wait times for non-critical illnesses or injuries can take up to several hours in major cities like Toronto.
  • In the summers of the late 2000s and early 2010s, Canadians in some provinces (Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta) have faced a few cases of West Nile virus, an occasionally fatal infection transmitted by mosquitoes. Some diseases like pneumonia, the flu/cold or whooping cough do occur in both rural and urban Canada. While Canada has universal health care for residents, health care is not free for visitors; therefore it is important to make sure you are covered by your insurance when travelling to Canada.
  • Most Canadian provinces have banned all indoor smoking in public places such as hospitals and schools and near entrances. Some bans include areas such as bus shelters and outdoor patios. See Smoking.
Source: Wikivoyage

Scams & street smarts

Safety in Canada is not usually a problem, and some basic common sense will go a long way. Even in the largest cities, violent crime is not a serious problem, and very few people are ever armed.

  • Safety in Canada is not usually a problem, and some basic common sense will go a long way. Even in the largest cities, violent crime is not a serious problem, and very few people are ever armed. Violent crime needn't worry the average traveller, as it is generally confined to particular neighbourhoods and is rarely a random crime. Overall crime rates in Canadian cities remain low compared to most similar sized urban areas in the United States and much of the rest of the world (though violent crime rates are higher than most western European cities). Crime is higher overall in western provinces than in Eastern Canada, but is even higher in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. There have been several high-profile shootings in public/tourist areas; the fact these incidents are so heavily covered by the media is related to the fact that they are considered very rare events.
  • If you travel near the Canadian-U.S. border, make sure that you do not accidentally enter the United States in a place where the border is not clearly marked. If you do, you could be subject to lengthy interrogation and possible jail time.
Source: Wikivoyage

Practicalities

Money & essentials

Money & essentials
Canadian dollar (CAD) · $GDP/cap $54,340.348Inflation 2.4%Plugs & voltage

Highlights

Top places

Top places
Source: Wikivoyage
1rodeo2Alaska Highway

Cams

Cams in this country

Cams in this country
Source: Webcam DB aggregates(prisma://webcams)
3MISC: 2 · RAILROAD: 1
Top cities (2)
Revelstoke · 1Vancouver · 1

Plan

Plan your trip

Reference

Country reference data

Reference
ISOCATLD.caBorders1Translations26Google MapsOpenStreetMap
Show full reference data

Identifiers

ISO Alpha-2CACCA3CANCCN3124CIOCCANFIFACANTLD.ca

Borders

USA

Demonyms

Canadian / Canadian; Canadien / Canadienne

Canada coat of arms
Translations (26)
ara كنداbre Kanadaces Kanadacym Canadadeu Kanadaest Kanadafin Kanadafra Canadahrv Kanadahun Kanadaind Kanadaita Canadajpn カナダkor 캐나다nld Canadaper کاناداpol Kanadapor Canadárus Канадаslk Kanadaspa Canadásrp Канадаswe Kanadatur Kanadaurd کینیڈاzho 加拿大

Sources

Attribution & provenance

Show provenance (10/10 sources OK)

REST Countries

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: restCountries

Visit source

U.S. Department of State

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: stateDeptAdvisory

Visit source

Open-Meteo Climate

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: openMeteoClimate

Visit source

Wikivoyage

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: wikivoyage

Visit source

World Bank GDP per capita

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: worldBank:NY.GDP.PCAP.CD

Visit source

World Bank GDP PPP per capita

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: worldBank:NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD

Visit source

World Bank Inflation (CPI)

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: worldBank:FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG

Visit source

WorldStandards (plugs)

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM · HTTP 200

OK

Source ID: powerPlugs

Visit source

Site provides only human-readable tables; linking instead of parsing.

Webcam DB aggregates

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM

OK

Source ID: webcamDb

Visit source

Affiliate hub config

December 21, 2025 at 10:29 PM

OK

Source ID: affiliateHub

Visit source

Contains information from Wikivoyage, available under CC BY-SA 3.0.